1 Introduction

1.1 Basic Project Information

1.1.1 The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) Hong Kong Link Road (HKLR) serves to connect the HZMB Main Bridge at the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Boundary and the HZMB Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (HKBCF) located at the north eastern waters of the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA).

1.1.2 The HKLR project has been separated into two contracts. They are Contract No. HY/2011/03 Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Link Road-Section between Scenic Hill and Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (hereafter referred to as the Contract) and Contract No. HY/2011/09 Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Link Road-Section between HKSAR Boundary and Scenic Hill.

1.1.3 China State Construction Engineering (Hong Kong) Ltd. was awarded by Highways Department (HyD) as the Contractor to undertake the construction works of Contract No. HY/2011/03. The Contract is part of the HKLR Project and HKBCF Project, these projects are considered to be “Designated Projects”, under Schedule 2 of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Ordinance (Cap 499) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Reports (Register No. AEIAR-144/2009 and AEIAR-145/2009) were prepared for the Project. The current Environmental Permit (EP) EP-352/2009/A for HKLR and EP-353/2009/E for HKBCF were issued on 31 October 2011 and 16 October 2012, respectively. These documents are available through the EIA Ordinance Register. The construction phase of Contract was commenced on 17 October 2012. Figure 1.1 shows the project site boundary.

1.1.4 The Contract includes the following key aspects:

· New reclamation along the east coast of the approximately 23 hectares.

· Tunnel of Scenic Hill (Tunnel SHT) from Scenic Hill to the new reclamation, of approximately 1km in length with three (3) lanes for the east bound carriageway heading to the HKBCF and four (4) lanes for the westbound carriageway heading to the HZMB Main Bridge.

· An abutment of the viaduct portion of the HKLR at the west portal of Tunnel SHT and associated road works at the west portal of Tunnel SHT.

· An at grade road on the new reclamation along the east coast of the HKIA to connect with the HKBCF, of approximately 1.6 km along dual 3-lane carriageway with hard shoulder for each bound.

· Road links between the HKBCF and the HKIA including new roads and the modification of existing roads at the HKIA, involving viaducts, at grade roads and a Tunnel HAT.

· A highway operation and maintenance area (HMA) located on the new reclamation, south of the Dragonair Headquarters Building, including the construction of buildings, connection roads and other associated facilities.

· Associated civil, structural, building, geotechnical, marine, environmental protection, landscaping, drainage and sewerage, tunnel and highway electrical and mechanical works, together with the installation of street lightings, traffic aids and sign gantries, water mains and fire hydrants, provision of facilities for installation of traffic control and surveillance system (TCSS), reprovisioning works of affected existing facilities, implementation of transplanting, compensatory planting and protection of existing trees, and implementation of an environmental monitoring and audit (EM&A) program.

1.1.5 This is the third Monthly Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) report for the Contract which summaries the monitoring results and audit findings of the EM&A programme during the reporting period from 1 December to 31 December 2012.

1.1.6 BMT Asia Pacific Limited has been appointed by the Contractor to implement the EM&A programme for the Contract in accordance with the Updated EM&A Manual for HKLR (Version 1.0) for HKLR and will be providing environmental team services to the Contract. ENVIRON Hong Kong Ltd. was employed by HyD as the Independent Environmental Checker (IEC) and Environmental Project Office (ENPO) for the Project. The project organization with regard to the environmental works is as follows.

1.2 Project Organisation

1.2.1 The project organization structure and lines of communication with respect to the on-site environmental management structure is shown in Appendix A. The key personnel contact names and numbers are summarized in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 Contact Information of Key Personnel

Party	Position	Name	Telephone	Fax
Supervising Officer’s Representative (Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong Limited)	(Chief Resident Engineer, CRE)	Robert Antony Evans	3968 0801	2109 1882
Environmental Project Office / Independent Environmental Checker (Environ Hong Kong Limited)	Environmental Project Office Leader	Y. H Hui	3743 0788	3548 6988
	Independent Environmental Checker	Antony Wong	3743 0788	3548 6988
Contractor (China State Construction Engineering (Hong Kong) Ltd)	Project Manager	S. Y. Tse	3968 7002	2109 2588
	Environmental Officer	Federick Wong	3968 7117	2109 2588
Environmental Team (BMT Asia Pacific)	Environmental Team Leader	Claudine Lee	2241 9847	2815 3377

1.3 Construction Programme

1.3.1 A copy of the Contractor’s construction programme is provided in Appendix B.

1.4 Construction Works Undertaken During the Reporting Month

1.4.1 A summary of the construction activities undertaken during this reporting month is shown in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 Construction Activities During Reporting Month

Site Area	Description of Activities
WA 6	Construction of site office
Portion Y	Ground Investigation Work Site clearing for road and drainage work
Portion B	Site formation work for tunnelling at West Portal
Portion X	Marine Site investigation Installation of silt curtain Removal of armour rocks of existing seawall Formation of temporary stone platform

2 Air Quality Monitoring

2.1 Monitoring Requirements

2.1.1 In accordance with the Contract Specific EM&A Manual, baseline 1-hour and 24-hour TSP levels at 2 air quality monitoring stations were established. Impact 1-hour TSP monitoring was conducted for at least three times every 6 days, while impact 24-hour TSP monitoring was carried out for at least once every 6 days. The Action and Limit Level for 1-hr TSP and 24-hr TSP are provided in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2, respectively.

Table 2.1 Action and Limit Levels for 1-hour TSP

Monitoring Station	Action Level, µg/m³	Limit Level, µg/m³
AMS 5 – Ma Wan Chung Village (Tung Chung)	352	500
AMS 6 – Dragonair / CNAC (Group) Building (HKIA)	360	500

Table 2.2 Action and Limit Levels for 24-hour TSP

Monitoring Station	Action Level, µg/m³	Limit Level, µg/m³
AMS 5 – Ma Wan Chung Village (Tung Chung)	164	260
AMS 6 – Dragonair / CNAC (Group) Building (HKIA)	173	260

2.2 Monitoring Equipment

2.2.1 24-hour TSP air quality monitoring was performed using High Volume Sampler (HVS) located at each designated monitoring station. The HVS meets all the requirements of the Contract Specific EM&A Manual. Portable direct reading dust meters were used to carry out the 1-hour TSP monitoring. Brand and model of the equipment is given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 Air Quality Monitoring Equipment

Equipment	Brand and Model
Portable direct reading dust meter (1-hour TSP)	Sibata Digital Dust Monitor (Model No. LD-3B)
High Volume Sampler (24-hour TSP)	Tisch Environmental Mass Flow Controlled Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) High Volume Air Sampler (Model No. TE-5170)

2.3 Monitoring Locations

2.3.1 Monitoring locations AMS5 and AMS6 were set up at the proposed locations in accordance with Contract Specific EM&A Manual.

2.3.2 Figure 2.1 shows the locations of monitoring stations. Table 2.4 describes the details of the monitoring stations.

Table 2.4 Locations of Impact Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Monitoring Station	Location
AMS5	Ma Wan Chung Village (Tung Chung)
AMS6	Dragonair / CNAC (Group) Building (HKIA)

2.4 Monitoring Parameters, Frequency and Duration

2.4.1 Table 2.5 summarizes the monitoring parameters, frequency and duration of impact TSP monitoring.

Table 2.5 Air Quality Monitoring Parameters, Frequency and Duration

Parameter	Frequency and Duration
1-hour TSP	Three times every 6 days while the highest dust impact was expected
24-hour TSP	Once every 6 days

2.5 Monitoring Methodology

2.5.1 24-hour TSP Monitoring

(a) The HVS was installed in the vicinity of the air sensitive receivers. The following criteria were considered in the installation of the HVS.

(i) A horizontal platform with appropriate support to secure the sampler against gusty wind was provided.

(ii) The distance between the HVS and any obstacles, such as buildings, was at least twice the height that the obstacle protrudes above the HVS.

(iii) A minimum of 2 meters separation from walls, parapets and penthouse for rooftop sampler.

(iv) No furnace or incinerator flues nearby.

(v) Airflow around the sampler was unrestricted.

(vi) Permission was obtained to set up the samplers and access to the monitoring stations.

(vii) A secured supply of electricity was obtained to operate the samplers.

(viii) The sampler was located more than 20 meters from any dripline.

(ix) Any wire fence and gate, required to protect the sampler, did not obstruct the monitoring process.

(x) Flow control accuracy was kept within ±2.5% deviation over 24-hour sampling period.

(b) Preparation of Filter Papers

(i) Glass fibre filters, G810 were labelled and sufficient filters that were clean and without pinholes were selected.

(ii) All filters were equilibrated in the conditioning environment for 24 hours before weighing. The conditioning environment temperature was around 25 °C and not variable by more than ±3 °C; the relative humidity (RH) was < 50% and not variable by more than ±5%. A convenient working RH was 40%.

(iii) All filter papers were prepared and analysed by ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd., which is a HOKLAS accredited laboratory and has comprehensive quality assurance and quality control programmes.

(i) The power supply was checked to ensure the HVS works properly.

(ii) The filter holder and the area surrounding the filter were cleaned.

(iii) The filter holder was removed by loosening the four bolts and a new filter, with stamped number upward, on a supporting screen was aligned carefully.

(iv) The filter was properly aligned on the screen so that the gasket formed an airtight seal on the outer edges of the filter.

(v) The swing bolts were fastened to hold the filter holder down to the frame. The pressure applied was sufficient to avoid air leakage at the edges.

(vi) Then the shelter lid was closed and was secured with the aluminum strip.

(vii) The HVS was warmed-up for about 5 minutes to establish run-temperature conditions.

(viii) A new flow rate record sheet was set into the flow recorder.

(ix) On site temperature and atmospheric pressure readings were taken and the flow rate of the HVS was checked and adjusted at around 1.1 m³/min, and complied with the range specified in the Updated EM&A Manual for HKLR (Version 1.0) (i.e. 0.6-1.7 m³/min).

(x) The programmable digital timer was set for a sampling period of 24 hrs, and the starting time, weather condition and the filter number were recorded.

(xi) The initial elapsed time was recorded.

(xii) At the end of sampling, on site temperature and atmospheric pressure readings were taken and the final flow rate of the HVS was checked and recorded.

(xiii) The final elapsed time was recorded.

(xiv) The sampled filter was removed carefully and folded in half length so that only surfaces with collected particulate matter were in contact.

(xv) It was then placed in a clean plastic envelope and sealed.

(xvi) All monitoring information was recorded on a standard data sheet.

(xvii) Filters were then sent to ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd. for analysis.

(d) Maintenance and Calibration

(i) The HVS and its accessories were maintained in good working condition, such as replacing motor brushes routinely and checking electrical wiring to ensure a continuous power supply.

(ii) 5-point calibration of the HVS was conducted using TE-5025A Calibration Kit prior to the commencement of baseline monitoring. Bi-monthly 5-point calibration of the HVS will be carried out during impact monitoring.

(iii) Calibration certificate of the HVSs are provided in Appendix C.

2.5.2 1-hour TSP Monitoring

(a) Measuring Procedures

The measuring procedures of the 1-hour dust meter were in accordance with the Manufacturer’s Instruction Manual as follows:-

(i) Turn the power on.

(ii) Close the air collecting opening cover.

(iii) Push the “TIME SETTING” switch to [BG].

(iv) Push “START/STOP” switch to perform background measurement for 6 seconds.

(v) Turn the knob at SENSI ADJ position to insert the light scattering plate.

(vi) Leave the equipment for 1 minute upon “SPAN CHECK” is indicated in the display.

(vii) Push “START/STOP” switch to perform automatic sensitivity adjustment. This measurement takes 1 minute.

(viii) Pull out the knob and return it to MEASURE position.

(ix) Push the “TIME SETTING” switch the time set in the display to 3 hours.

(x) Lower down the air collection opening cover.

(xi) Push “START/STOP” switch to start measurement.

(b) Maintenance and Calibration

(i) The 1-hour TSP meter was calibrated at 1-year intervals against a Tisch Environmental Mass Flow Controlled Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) High Volume Air Sampler. Calibration certificates of the Laser Dust Monitors are provided in Appendix C.

2.6 Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Month

2.6.1 The schedule for air quality monitoring in December 2012 is provided in Appendix D.

2.7 Monitoring Results

2.7.1 The monitoring results for 1-hour TSP and 24-hour TSP are summarized in Tables 2.6 and 2.7 respectively. Detailed impact air quality monitoring results and relevant graphical plots are presented in Appendix E.

Table 2.6 Summary of 1-hour TSP Monitoring Results during the Reporting Month

Monitoring Station	Average (mg/m³)	Range (mg/m³)	Action Level (mg/m³)	Limit Level (mg/m³)
AMS5	99	27 – 267	352	500
AMS6	67	29 – 177	360	500

Table 2.7 Summary of 24-hour TSP Monitoring Results During the Reporting Month

Monitoring Station	Average (mg/m³)	Range (mg/m³)	Action Level (mg/m³)	Limit Level (mg/m³)
AMS5	81	36 – 161	164	260
AMS6	78	42 – 125	173	260

2.7.2 No Action and Limit Levels exceedances were recorded at all monitoring stations during this reporting month.

2.7.3 The event action plan is annexed in Appendix F.

2.7.4 There were technical problems of the weather station during the reporting month. The monitored wind data was lost since 14 December 2012 and some data could not be obtained between 1 and 4 December 2012. As the wind data could not be monitored during the said period, the wind data for December 2012 were reference to the wind data of Hong Kong Observatory’s Chek Lap Kok weather station. The wind data during the reporting monitoring (obtained from Hong Kong Observatory and weather station) is shown in Appendix G.

3 Noise Monitoring

3.1 Monitoring Requirements

3.1.1 In accordance with the Contract Specific EM&A Manual, impact noise monitoring was conducted for at least once per week during the construction phase of the Project. The Action and Limit level of the noise monitoring is provided in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Action and Limit Levels for Noise during Construction Period

Monitoring Station	Time Period	Action Level	Limit Level
NMS5 - Ma Wan Chung Village (Ma Wan Chung Resident Association) (Tung Chung)	0700-1900 hrs on normal weekdays	When one documented complaint is received	75 dB(A)

3.2 Monitoring Equipment

3.2.1 Noise monitoring was performed using sound level meters at each designated monitoring station. The sound level meters deployed comply with the International Electrotechnical Commission Publications (IEC) 651:1979 (Type 1) and 804:1985 (Type 1) specifications. Acoustic calibrator was deployed to check the sound level meters at a known sound pressure level. Brand and model of the equipment are given in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Noise Monitoring Equipment

Equipment	Brand and Model
Integrated Sound Level Meter	B&K 2238
Acoustic Calibrator	B&K 4231

3.3 Monitoring Locations

3.3.1 Monitoring location NMS5 was set up at the proposed locations in accordance with Contract Specific EM&A Manual.

3.3.2 Figure 2.1 shows the locations of monitoring stations. Table 3.3 describes the details of the monitoring stations.

Table 3.3 Locations of Impact Noise Monitoring Stations

Monitoring Station	Location
NMS5	Ma Wan Chung Village (Ma Wan Chung Resident Association) (Tung Chung)

3.4 Monitoring Parameters, Frequency and Duration

3.4.1 Table 3.4 summarizes the monitoring parameters, frequency and duration of impact noise monitoring.

Table 3.4 Noise Monitoring Parameters, Frequency and Duration

Parameter	Frequency and Duration
30-mins measurement at each monitoring station between 0700 and 1900 on normal weekdays (Monday to Saturday). L_eq, L₁₀ and L₉₀ would be recorded.	At least once per week

3.5 Monitoring Methodology

3.5.1 Monitoring Procedure

(a) The sound level meter was set on a tripod at a height of 1.2 m above the podium for free-field measurements at NMS5. A correction of +3 dB(A) shall be made to the free field measurements.

(b) The battery condition was checked to ensure the correct functioning of the meter.

(i) frequency weighting: A

(ii) time weighting: Fast

(iii) time measurement: L_{eq(30-minutes)} during non-restricted hours i.e. 07:00 – 1900 on normal weekdays;

(e) Prior to and after each noise measurement, the meter was calibrated using the acoustic calibrator for 94.0 dB(A) at 1000 Hz. If the difference in the calibration level before and after measurement was more than 1.0 dB(A), the measurement would be considered invalid and repeat of noise measurement would be required after re-calibration or repair of the equipment.

(f) During the monitoring period, the L_eq, L₁₀ and L₉₀ were recorded. In addition, site conditions and noise sources were recorded on a standard record sheet.

(g) Noise measurement was paused during periods of high intrusive noise (e.g. dog barking, helicopter noise) if possible. Observations were recorded when intrusive noise was unavoidable.

(h) Noise monitoring was cancelled in the presence of fog, rain, wind with a steady speed exceeding 5m/s, or wind with gusts exceeding 10m/s. The wind speed shall be checked with a portable wind speed meter capable of measuring the wind speed in m/s.

3.5.2 Maintenance and Calibration

(a) The microphone head of the sound level meter was cleaned with soft cloth at regular intervals.

(b) The meter and calibrator were sent to the supplier or HOKLAS laboratory to check and calibrate at yearly intervals.

3.6 Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Month

3.6.1 The schedule for construction noise monitoring in December 2012 is provided in Appendix D.

3.7 Monitoring Results

3.7.1 The monitoring results for construction noise are summarized in Table 3.5 and the monitoring results and relevant graphical plots are provided in Appendix E.

Table 3.5 Summary of Construction Noise Monitoring Results During the Reporting Month

Monitoring Station	Average L_{eq (30 mins)}, dB(A)	Range of L_{eq (30 mins)}, dB(A)	Limit Level L_{eq (30 mins)}, dB(A)
NMS5	61	60 – 63	75

*+3dB(A) Façade correction included

3.7.2 There were some problems about the extension cable for the noise monitoring undertaken at NMS5 (Ma Wan Chung Tsuen) on 24 December 2012 and the measured noise levels were considered invalid.

3.7.3 No Action and Limit Level exceedances were recorded at NMS5 during the reporting month.

3.7.4 Major noise sources during the noise monitoring included construction activities of the Contract and nearby traffic noise.

3.7.5 The event action plan is annexed in Appendix F.

4 Water Quality Monitoring

4.1 Monitoring Requirements

4.1.1 Impact water quality monitoring was carried out to ensure that any deterioration of water quality was detected, and that timely action was taken to rectify the situation. For impact water quality monitoring, measurements were taken in accordance with the Contract Specific EM&A Manual. Table 4.1 shows the established Action/Limit Levels for the environmental monitoring works.

Table 4.1 Action and Limit Levels for Water Quality

Parameter (unit)	Water Depth	Action Level	Limit Level
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) (surface, middle and bottom)	Surface and Middle	5.0	4.2 except 5 for Fish Culture Zone
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) (surface, middle and bottom)	Bottom	4.7	3.6
Turbidity (NTU)	Depth average	27.5 or 120% of upstream control station’s turbidity at the same tide of the same day	47.0 or 130% of turbidity at the upstream control station at the same tide of same day
Suspended Solid (SS) (mg/L)	Depth average	23.5 or 120% of upstream control station’s SS at the same tide of the same day	34.4 or 130% of SS at the upstream control station at the same tide of same day and 10mg/L for Water Services Department Seawater Intakes

Notes:

(1) Depth-averaged is calculated by taking the arithmetic means of reading of all three depths.

(2) For DO, non-compliance of the water quality limit occurs when monitoring result is lower that the limit.

(3) For SS & turbidity non-compliance of the water quality limits occur when monitoring result is higher than the limits.

4.2 Monitoring Equipment

4.2.1 Table 4.2 summarises the equipment used in the impact water quality monitoring programme.

Table 4.2 Water Quality Monitoring Equipment

Equipment	Brand and Model
DO and Temperature Meter, Salinity Meter, Turbidimeter and pH Meter	YSI Model 6920 V2-M, 650
Positioning Equipment	DGPS – KODEN : KGP913MkII, KBG3
Water Depth Detector	Layin Associates: SM-5 & SM5A
Water Sampler	Wildlife Supply Company : 5487-10

4.3 Monitoring Parameters, Frequency and Duration

4.3.1 Table 4.3 summarises the monitoring parameters, frequency and monitoring depths of impact water quality monitoring as required in the Contract Specific EM&A Manual.

Table 4.3 Impact Water Quality Monitoring Parameters and Frequency

Monitoring Stations

Parameter, unit

Frequency

No. of depth

Impact Stations:
IS5, IS(Mf)6, IS7, IS8, IS(Mf)9 & IS10,

Control/Far Field Stations:
CS2 & CS(Mf)5,

Sensitive Receiver Stations:
SR3, SR4, SR5, SR10A & SR10B

· Depth, m

· Temperature, ^oC

· Salinity, ppt

· Dissolved Oxygen (DO), mg/L

· DO Saturation, %

· Turbidity, NTU

· pH

· Suspended Solids (SS), mg/L

Three times per week during mid-ebb and mid-flood tides (within ± 1.75 hour of the predicted time)

(1 m below water surface, mid-depth and 1 m above sea bed, except where the water depth is less than 6 m, in which case the mid-depth station may be omitted. Should the water depth be less than 3 m, only the mid-depth station will be monitored).

4.4 Monitoring Locations

4.4.1 In accordance with the Contract Specific EM&A Manual, thirteen stations (6 Impact Stations, 5 Sensitive Receiver Stations and 2 Control Stations) were designated for impact water quality monitoring. The six Impact Stations (IS) were chosen on the basis of their proximity to the reclamation and thus the greatest potential for water quality impacts, the five Sensitive Receiver Stations (SR) were chosen as they are close to the key sensitive receives and the two Control Stations (CS) were chosen to facilitate comparison of the water quality of the IS stations with less influence by the Project/ ambient water quality conditions.

4.4.2 The locations of these monitoring stations are summarized in Table 4.4 and shown in
Figure 2.1.

Table 4.4 Impact Water Quality Monitoring Stations

Monitoring Stations	Description	Coordinates
Monitoring Stations	Description	Easting	Northing
IS5	Impact Station (Close to HKLR construction site)	811579	817106
IS(Mf)6	Impact Station (Close to HKLR construction site)	812101	817873
IS7	Impact Station (Close to HKBCF construction site)	812244	818777
IS8	Impact Station (Close to HKBCF construction site)	814251	818412
IS(Mf)9	Impact Station (Close to HKBCF construction site)	813273	818850
IS10	Impact Station (Close to HKBCF construction site)	812577	820670
SR3	Sensitive receivers (San Tau SSSI)	810525	816456
SR4	Sensitive receivers (Tai Ho Inlet)	814760	817867
SR5	Sensitive receivers (Artificial Reef In NE Airport)	811489	820455
SR10A	Sensitive receivers (Ma Wan Fish Culture Zone)	823741	823495
SR10B	Sensitive receivers (Ma Wan Fish Culture Zone)	823686	823213
CS2	Control Station (Mid-Ebb)	805849	818780
CS(Mf)5	Control Station (Mid-Flood)	817990	821129

4.5 Monitoring Methodology

4.5.1 Instrumentation

(a) The in-situ water quality parameters including dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and turbidity, pH were measured by multi-parameter meters.

4.5.2 Operating/Analytical Procedures

(a) Digital Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS) were used to ensure that the correct location was selected prior to sample collection.

(b) Portable, battery-operated echo sounders were used for the determination of water depth at each designated monitoring station.

(c) All in-situ measurements were taken at 3 water depths, 1 m below water surface, mid-depth and 1 m above sea bed, except where the water depth was less than 6 m, in which case the mid-depth station was omitted. Should the water depth be less than 3 m, only the mid-depth station was monitored.

(d) At each measurement/sampling depth, two consecutive in-situ monitoring (DO concentration and saturation, temperature, turbidity, pH, salinity) and water sample for SS. The probes were retrieved out of the water after the first measurement and then re-deployed for the second measurement. Where the difference in the value between the first and second readings of DO or turbidity parameters was more than 25% of the value of the first reading, the reading was discarded and further readings were taken.

(e) Duplicate samples from each independent sampling event were collected for SS measurement. Water samples were collected using the water samplers and the samples were stored in high-density polythene bottles. Water samples collected were well-mixed in the water sampler prior to pre-rinsing and transferring to sample bottles. Sample bottles were pre-rinsed with the same water samples. The sample bottles were then be packed in cool-boxes (cooled at 4^oC without being frozen), and delivered to ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd. for the analysis of suspended solids concentrations. The laboratory determination work would be started within 24 hours after collection of the water samples. ALS Technichem (HK) Pty Ltd. is a HOKLAS accredited laboratory and has comprehensive quality assurance and quality control programmes.

(f) The analysis method and detection limit for SS is shown in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5 Laboratory Analysis for Suspended Solids

Parameters	Instrumentation	Analytical Method	Detection Limit
Suspended Solid (SS)	Weighting	APHA 2540-D	0.5mg/L

(g) Other relevant data were recorded, including monitoring location / position, time, water depth, tidal stages, weather conditions and any special phenomena or work underway at the construction site in the field log sheet for information.

4.5.3 Maintenance and Calibrations

(a) All in situ monitoring instruments would be calibrated by FT Laboratories Ltd. before use and at 3-monthly intervals throughout all stages of the water quality monitoring programme. The procedures of performance check of sonde and testing results are provided in Appendix C.

4.6 Monitoring Schedule for the Reporting Month

4.6.1 The schedule for impact water quality monitoring in December 2012 is provided in Appendix D.

4.7 Monitoring Results

4.7.1 Impact water quality monitoring was conducted at all designated monitoring stations during the reporting month. Impact water quality monitoring results and relevant graphical plots are provided in Appendix E.

4.7.2 Exceedances were recorded for suspended solids during the reporting month. Number of exceedances recorded during the reporting month at each impact station are summarised in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6 Summary of Water Quality Exceedances

Station	Exceedance Level	DO (S&M)		DO (Bottom)		Turbidity		SS		Total number of exceedances
Station	Exceedance Level	Ebb	Flood	Ebb	Flood	Ebb	Flood	Ebb	Flood	Ebb	Flood
IS5	Action Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-01 2012-12-08 2012-12-10	-	--	--	3	0
IS5	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-03 2012-12-12 2012-12-24	2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24	2012-12-01 2012-12-03 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-12 2012-12-14 2012-12-19	2012-12-03 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24 2012-12-31	10	13
IS(Mf)6	Action Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-08	--	--	2012-12-28	1	1
IS(Mf)6	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-01 2012-12-03 2012-12-10 2012-12-12 2012-12-14 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24 2012-12-28	2012-12-01 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-14 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24	2012-12-01 2012-12-03 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-12 2012-12-14 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21	2012-12-01 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-14 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24 2012-12-31	19	18
IS7	Action Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-01 2012-12-08 2012-12-14 2012-12-21	2012-12-01 2012-12-14 2012-12-26	2012-12-01	2012-12-10 2012-12-14	5	5

	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-05 2012-12-10 2012-12-12 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-24	2012-12-03 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24	2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-12 2012-12-14 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24	2012-12-01 2012-12-03 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24 2012-12-31	15	15
IS8	Action Level	--	--	--	--	--	2012-12-03	2012-12-24	2012-12-26	1	2
IS8	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-24	2012-12-05 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24 2012-12-26 2012-12-31	2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-14 2012-12-19	2012-12-03 2012-12-05 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-31	5	12
IS(Mf)9	Action Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-01	2012-12-10 2012-12-14 2012-12-17	--	2012-12-12	1	4
IS(Mf)9	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-10 2012-12-24	2012-12-03 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24 2012-12-31	2012-12-01 2012-12-03 2012-12-10 2012-12-19	2012-12-03 2012-12-14 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24 2012-12-26 2012-12-31	6	13
IS10	Action Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-01 2012-12-08	2012-12-31	2012-12-10	2012-12-05 2012-12-24	3	3
IS10	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-14 2012-12-24	2012-12-03 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-19 2012-12-21	2012-12-01 2012-12-03 2012-12-08 2012-12-14 2012-12-19 2012-12-24	2012-12-03 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-12 2012-12-14 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-31	8	14
SR3	Action Level	--	--	--	--	--	2012-12-05	--	2012-12-08	0	2
SR3	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-01 2012-12-14 2012-12-24	2012-12-03 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24	2012-12-01 2012-12-03 2012-12-08 2012-12-12 2012-12-14 2012-12-19	2012-12-03 2012-12-10 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-24 2012-12-31	9	13
SR4	Action Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-03	2012-12-12 2012-12-21	2012-12-21	--	2	2
SR4	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-24	2012-12-03 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-24 2012-12-262012-12-31	2012-12-03 2012-12-08	2012-12-03 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-12 2012-12-14 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-21 2012-12-26 2012-12-31	3	20
SR5	Action Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-03	--	2012-12-12	2012-12-12 2012-12-26	2	2
SR5	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-05 2012-12-10 2012-12-14 2012-12-24	2012-12-03 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-19 2012-12-31	2012-12-03 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-14 2012-12-19 2012-12-24	2012-12-03 2012-12-05 2012-12-08 2012-12-10 2012-12-17 2012-12-19 2012-12-31	11	13
SR10A	Action Level	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	2012-12-21	0	1
SR10A	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	--	2012-12-10	2012-12-03 2012-12-12 2012-12-14 2012-12-19	2012-12-17 2012-12-31	4	3
SR10B	Action Level	--	--	--	--	2012-12-24	--	2012-12-19 2012-12-24	--	3	0
SR10B	Limit Level	--	--	--	--	--	2012-12-10	2012-12-03 2012-12-14	2012-12-14 2012-12-17 2012-12-24 2012-12-31	2	5
Total	Action	0	0	0	0	14	11	7	11	43**
	Limit	0	0	0	0	32	60	60	80	232**

Notes:

S: Surface;

M: Mid-depth;

** The total exceedances.

4.7.3 During the reporting month, there are 18 Action Level exceedances and 140 Limit Level exceedances of suspended solids level. 25 Action Level exceedances and 92 Limit Level exceedances of turbidity level were recorded. The completed “Notification of Environmental Quality Limit Exceedances” forms for all water quality exceedances are provided in Appendix N. No major marine works were carried out near the monitoring stations. Geotextile installation work, rock filling, silt curtains maintenance work and vessel maintenance work were being carried out within silt curtains near the restricted area during the sampling period. These activities were unlikely to cause adverse water quality impact. Therefore, all exceedances were considered as non-project related.

4.7.4 Water quality impact sources during the water quality monitoring were the construction activities of the Contract, nearby construction activities by other parties and nearby operating vessels by other parties.

4.7.5 The event action plan is annexed in Appendix F.

5 Dolphin Monitoring

5.1 Monitoring Requirements

5.1.1 Impact dolphin monitoring is required to be conducted by a qualified dolphin specialist team to evaluate whether there have been any effects on the dolphins.

5.2 Monitoring Methodology

Vessel-based Line-transect Survey

5.2.1 According to the requirements of the Updated EM&A Manual for HKLR (Version 1.0), dolphin monitoring programme should cover all transect lines in NEL and NWL survey areas (see Figure 1 of Appendix H) twice per month. The co-ordinates of all transect lines are shown in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Co-ordinates of transect lines

Line No.		Easting	Northing	Line No.		Easting	Northing
1	Start Point	804671	814577	13	Start Point	816506	819480
1	End Point	804671	831404	13	End Point	816506	824859
2	Start Point	805475	815457	14	Start Point	817537	820220
2	End Point	805477	826654	14	End Point	817537	824613
3	Start Point	806464	819435	15	Start Point	818568	820735
3	End Point	806464	822911	15	End Point	818568	824433
4	Start Point	807518	819771	16	Start Point	819532	821420
4	End Point	807518	829230	16	End Point	819532	824209
5	Start Point	808504	820220	17	Start Point	820451	822125
5	End Point	808504	828602	17	End Point	820451	823671
6	Start Point	809490	820466	18	Start Point	821504	822371
6	End Point	809490	825352	18	End Point	821504	823761
7	Start Point	810499	820690	19	Start Point	822513	823268
7	End Point	810499	824613	19	End Point	822513	824321
8	Start Point	811508	820847	20	Start Point	823477	823402
8	End Point	811508	824254	20	End Point	823477	824613
9	Start Point	812516	820892	21	Start Point	805476	827081
9	End Point	812516	824254	21	End Point	805476	830562
10	Start Point	813525	820872	22	Start Point	806464	824033
10	End Point	813525	824657	22	End Point	806464	829598
11	Start Point	814556	818449	23	Start Point	814559	821739
11	End Point	814556	820992	23	End Point	814559	824768
12	Start Point	815542	818807
12	End Point	815542	824882

5.2.2 The survey team used standard line-transect methods (Buckland et al. 2001) to conduct the systematic vessel surveys, and followed the same technique of data collection that has been adopted over the last 16 years of marine mammal monitoring surveys in Hong Kong developed by HKCRP (see Hung 2012). For each monitoring vessel survey, a 15-m inboard vessel (Standard 31516) with an open upper deck (about 4.5 m above water surface) was used to make observations from the flying bridge area.

5.2.3 During on-effort survey periods, the survey team recorded effort data including time, position (latitude and longitude), weather conditions (Beaufort sea state and visibility), and distance travelled in each series (a continuous period of search effort) with the assistance of a handheld GPS (Garmin eTrex Legend).

5.2.4 Data including time, position and vessel speed were also automatically and continuously logged by handheld GPS throughout the entire survey for subsequent review.

5.2.5 When dolphins were sighted, the survey team would end the survey effort, and immediately record the initial sighting distance and angle of the dolphin group from the survey vessel, as well as the sighting time and position. Then the research vessel was diverted from its course to approach the animals for species identification, group size estimation, assessment of group composition, and behavioural observations. The perpendicular distance (PSD) of the dolphin group to the transect line was later calculated from the initial sighting distance and angle.

5.2.6 Survey effort being conducted along the parallel transect lines that were perpendicular to the coastlines (as indicated in Figure 1 of Appendix H) was labeled as “primary survey effort, while the survey effort conducted along the connecting lines between parallel lines was labeled as “secondary” survey effort. According to HKCRP long-term dolphin monitoring data, encounter rates of Chinese White Dolphins deduced from effort and sighting data collected along primary and secondary liens were similar in NEL and NWL survey areas. Therefore, both primary and secondary survey effort were presented as on-effort survey effort in this report.

5.2.7 Encounter rates of Chinese White Dolphins (number of on-effort sightings per 100 km of survey effort and number of dolphins from all on-effort sightings per 100 km of survey effort) were calculated in NEL and NWL survey areas in relation to the amount of survey effort conducted during each month of monitoring survey. Only data collected under Beaufort 3 or below condition would be used for encounter rate analysis. Dolphin encounter rates were calculated using primary survey effort alone, as well as the combined survey effort from both primary and secondary lines.

Photo-identification Work

5.2.8 When a group of Chinese White Dolphins were sighted during the line-transect survey, the survey team would end effort and approach the group slowly from the side and behind to take photographs of them. Every attempt was made to photograph every dolphin in the group, and even photograph both sides of the dolphins, since the colouration and markings on both sides may not be symmetrical.

5.2.9 Two professional digital cameras (Canon EOS 7D and 60D models), each equipped with long telephoto lenses (100-400 mm zoom), were available on board for researchers to take sharp, close-up photographs of dolphins as they surfaced. The images were shot at the highest available resolution and stored on Compact Flash memory cards for downloading onto a computer.

5.2.10 All digital images taken in the field were first examined, and those containing potentially identifiable individuals were sorted out. These photographs would then be examined in greater detail, and were carefully compared to the existing Chinese White Dolphin photo-identification catalogue maintained by HKCRP since 1995.

5.2.11 Chinese White Dolphins can be identified by their natural markings, such as nicks, cuts, scars and deformities on their dorsal fin and body, and their unique spotting patterns were also used as secondary identifying features (Jefferson 2000).

5.2.12 All photographs of each individual were then compiled and arranged in chronological order, with data including the date and location first identified (initial sighting), re-sightings, associated dolphins, distinctive features, and age classes entered into a computer database. Detailed information on all identified individuals will be further presented as appendix in the quarterly EM&A report.

5.3 Monitoring Results

Vessel-based Line-transect Survey

5.3.1 During the month of December 2012, two sets of systematic line-transect vessel surveys were conducted on the 6^th, 7^th, 11^th and 13^th, to cover all transect lines in NWL and NEL survey areas twice. The survey routes of each survey day were presented in Figures 2-5 of Appendix H.

5.3.2 From these surveys, a total of 298.9 km of survey effort was collected, with 89.4% of the total survey effort being conducted under favourable weather conditions (i.e. Beaufort Sea State 3 or below with good visibility) (Annex I of Appendix H). Among the two areas, 114.5 km and 184.4 km of survey effort were conducted in NEL and NWL survey areas respectively. In addition, the total survey effort conducted on primary lines was 217.2 km, while the effort on secondary lines was 81.7 km. Survey effort conducted on primary and secondary lines were both considered as on-effort survey data.

5.3.3 During the two sets of monitoring surveys in December 2012, a total of 16 groups of 53 Chinese White Dolphins were sighted (Annex II of Appendix H). All except one sighting were made during on-effort search. Thirteen on-effort sightings were made on primary lines, while another two on-effort sightings were made on secondary lines. One group of dolphins was associated with an operating shrimp trawler during the December’s surveys.

5.3.4 Distribution of these dolphin sightings made during December’s surveys was shown in Figure 6 of Appendix H. These sightings were mainly concentrated within and adjacent to the Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park. Two sightings were also made to the east of the Brothers Islands (Figure 6 of Appendix H).

5.3.5 Notably, two small groups of dolphins were sighted near the northeast corner of Chek Lap Kok Airport, a few kilometres from the HKBCF Construction Site (Figure 6 of Appendix H). Moreover, one dolphin sighting was made along the alignment of HKLR near Shum Wat.

5.3.6 During December’s surveys, encounter rates of Chinese White Dolphins deduced from the survey effort and on-effort sighting data made under favourable conditions (Beaufort 3 or below) are shown in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 Dolphin encounter rates (sightings per 100 km of survey effort) in December’s surveys

	Encounter rate (STG) (no. of on-effort dolphin sightings per 100 km of survey effort)		Encounter rate (ANI) (no. of dolphins from all on-effort sightings per 100 km of survey effort)
	Primary Lines Only	Both Primary and Secondary Lines	Primary Lines Only	Both Primary and Secondary Lines
Northwest Lantau	9.0	8.5	37.6	31.5
Northeast Lantau	2.7	1.7	5.5	3.5

5.3.7 The average group size of Chinese White Dolphins was 3.3 individuals per group during December’s surveys. Moreover, the average group sizes of dolphins in NWL and NEL were 3.5 and 2.0 individuals per group respectively. Notably, two large dolphin groups of 10 and 12 animals were sighted on December 11th and 13th respectively in NWL survey area.

Photo-identification Work

5.3.8 A total of 30 re-sightings of known individual Chinese White Dolphins were made during the December’s surveys (Annexes III and IV, and Photo Identified Record of Appendix H). Among these 30 re-sightings, 28 individuals were identified, with two individuals (NL93 and NL262) being re-sighted twice during the month.

5.3.9 During December’s surveys, five well-recognized females, NL46, NL93, NL104, NL123 and NL264, were accompanied with their calves during their re-sightings.

Conclusion

5.3.10 During this month of dolphin monitoring, no adverse impact from the activities of this construction project on Chinese White Dolphins was noticeable from general observations.

5.3.11 Due to monthly variation in dolphin occurrence within the study area, it would be more appropriate to draw conclusion on whether any impacts on dolphins have been detected related to the construction activities of this project in the quarterly EM&A report, where comparison on distribution, group size and encounter rates of dolphins between the quarterly impact monitoring period (October – December 2012) and baseline monitoring period (3-month period) will be made.

5.4 Reference

5.4.1 Buckland, S. T., Anderson, D. R., Burnham, K. P., Laake, J. L., Borchers, D. L., and Thomas, L. 2001. Introduction to distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, London.

5.4.2 Hung, S. K. 2012. Monitoring of marine mammals in Hong Kong waters – data collection: final report (2011-12). An unpublished report submitted to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of Hong Kong SAR Government, 120 pp.

5.4.3 Jefferson, T. A. 2000. Population biology of the Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphin in Hong Kong waters. Wildlife Monographs 144:1-65.

6 Mudflat Monitoring

6.1 Sedimentation Rate Monitoring

Methodology

6.1.1 To avoid disturbance to the mudflat and nuisance to navigation, no fixed marker/monitoring rod was installed at the monitoring stations. A high precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) real time location fixing system (or equivalent technology) was used to locate the station in the precision of 1mm, which is reasonable under flat mudflat topography with uneven mudflat surface only at micro level. This method has been used on Agricultural Fisheries and Conservation Department’s (AFCD) project, namely Baseline Ecological Monitoring Programme for the Mai Po Inner Deep Bay Ramsar Site for measurement of seabed levels.

6.1.2 Measurements were taken directly on the mudflat surface. The Real Time Kinematic GNSS (RTK GNSS) surveying technology was used to measure mudflat surface levels and 3D coordinates of a survey point. The RTK GNSS survey was calibrated against a reference station in the field before and after each survey. The reference station was a survey control point established by the Lands Department of the HKSAR Government or traditional land surveying methods using professional surveying instruments such as total station, level and/or geodetic global navigation satellite system. The coordinates system was in HK1980 GRID system. The reference control station was surveyed and established by traditional land surveying methods using professional surveying instruments such as total station, level and/or geodetic GNSS. The accuracy was down to mm level and higher than the proposed RTK GNSS cm level so that the reference control station has relatively higher accuracy. As the reference control station has higher accuracy, it was set as true evaluation relative to the RTK GNSS measurement. All position and height correction were adjusted and corrected to the reference control station. Reference Station Survey result and professional land surveying calibration is shown as Table 6.1:

Table 6.1 Reference Station Survey result and GNSS RTK calibration result of Round 1

Reference Station	Easting (m)	Northing (m)	Baseline reference elevation (mPD) (A)	Round 1 Survey (mPD) (B)	Calibration Adjustment (B-A)
T1	811248.660mE	816393.173mN	3.840	3.817	-0.023
T2	810806.297mE	815691.822mN	4.625	4.653	+0.028
T3	810778.098mE	815689.918mN	4.651	4.660	+0.009
T4	810274.783mE	816689.068mN	2.637	2.709	+0.072

6.1.3 The precision of the measured mudflat surface level reading (vertical precision setting) was within 10 mm (standard deviation) after averaging the valid survey records of the XYZ HK1980 GRID coordinates. Each survey record at each station was computed by averaging at least three measurements that are within the above specified precision setting. Both digital data logging and written records were collected in the field. Field data on station fixing and mudflat surface measurement were recorded.

Monitoring Locations

6.1.4 Four monitoring stations were established based on the site conditions for the sedimentation monitoring and are shown in Figure 6.1.

Monitoring Results

6.1.5 The baseline sedimentation rate monitoring was in Sepember 2012 and impact sedimentation rate monitoring was undertaken on 2 December 2012. The mudflat surface levels at the four established monitoring stations and the corresponding XYZ HK1980 GRID coordinates are presented in Table 6.2 and Table 6.3.

Table 6.2 Measured Mudflat Surface Level Results

	Basline Monitoring (September 2012)			Impact Monitoring (December 2012)
Monitoring Station	Easting (m)	Northing (m)	Sedimentation Rate	Easting (m)	Northing (m)	Sedimentation Rate
Monitoring Station	Easting (m)	Northing (m)	(mPD)	Easting (m)	Northing (m)	(mPD)
S1	810291.160	816678.727	0.950	810291.1	816678.9	1.039
S2	810958.272	815831.531	0.864	810958.4	815831.7	0.887
S3	810716.585	815953.308	1.341	810716.7	815953.4	1.390
S4	811221.433	816151.381	0.931	811221.4	816151.3	0.974

Table 6.3 Comparison of measurement

	Comparison of measurement			Remarks and Recommendation
Monitoring Station	Easting (m)	Northing (m)	Sedimentation Rate
Monitoring Station	Easting (m)	Northing (m)	(mPD)
S1	-0.030	0.215	0.089	Larger than tolerance, need attention in the next survey
S2	0.166	0.164	0.023	Within tolerance, no significant change
S3	0.091	0.073	0.049	Within tolerance, no significant change
S4	-0.047	-0.042	0.043	Within tolerance, no significant change

6.1.6 This first measurement was generally and relatively higher than the baseline measurement. All positions were re-measured by real time setting out method so that they were very close to the last survey positions and within 0.3m.

6.1.7 S2, S3 and S4 all had higher value than the last survey but within the measurement tolerance, say 60mm. Therefore, their sea bed depth would not be considered as significant change.

6.1.8 S1 had relative higher value of 89mm than the above three positions. This was about 29mm more than the expected tolerance or half tolerance more. Therefore, it was recommended to pay attention on this point in the next round survey to reconfirm the change of elevation at this position. It was noted that this location has sea shells deposit and the terrain was relatively rough.

6.2 Water Quality Monitoring

6.2.1 The mudflat monitoring covered water quality monitoring data. Reference was made to the water quality monitoring data of the representative water quality monitoring station (i.e. SR3) as in the EM&A Manual. The water quality monitoring location (SR3) is shown in Figure 2.1.

6.2.2 Impact water quality monitoring in San Tau (monitoring station SR3) was conducted in December 2012. The monitoring parameters included dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and suspended solids (SS).

6.2.3 The Impact monitoring results for SR3 were extracted and summarised below:

Table 6.4 Impact Water Quality Monitoring Results (Depth Average)

Date	Mid Ebb Tide			Mid Flood Tide
Date	DO (mg/L)	Turbidity (NTU)	SS (mg/L)	DO (mg/L)	Turbidity (NTU)	SS (mg/L)
01-Dec-12	6.7	14.3	14.3	6.6	12.5	12.5
03-Dec-12	6.7	12.7	9.1	6.7	13.4	11.9
05-Dec-12	6.9	11.4	9.6	6.8	11.0	7.9
08-Dec-12	6.7	10.1	5.5	7.0	11.7	11.0
10-Dec-12	7.0	11.8	7.9	7.1	10.6	9.8
12-Dec-12	7.2	14.5	10.7	7.1	9.3	10.0
14-Dec-12	7.3	13.9	14.9	7.1	10.2	10.3
17-Dec-12	7.1	7.7	10.7	7.0	10.3	12.5
19-Dec-12	7.3	6.7	9.5	7.3	9.7	15.2
21-Dec-12	7.5	5.0	10.3	7.4	9.8	18.8
24-Dec-12	7.7	3.0	4.1	7.9	2.4	5.9
26-Dec-12	7.5	3.9	8.1	7.5	5.5	8.8
28-Dec-12	7.5	5.8	5.7	7.5	4.6	6.0
31-Dec-12	8.2	5.0	15.1	7.9	4.4	8.2
Average	7.2	9.0	9.7	7.2	9.0	10.6

6.3 Mudflat Ecology Monitoring Methodology

Sampling Zone

6.3.1 There are two survey areas specified under the updated EM&A Manual for the Contract, namely Tung Chung Bay and San Tau. Tung Chung Bay survey area is divided into three sampling zones (TC1, TC2 and TC3) and there is one sampling zone at San Tau (ST). Survey of horseshoe crabs, seagrass beds and intertidal communities were conducted in each sampling zone. The locations of sampling zones are shown in Annex I of Appendix I.

Horseshoe Crabs

6.3.2 An active search method was adopted for horseshoe crab survey at each sampling zone. The survey was undertaken by 2 specialists at each sampling zone. During the search period, any accessible and potential area would be investigated for any horseshoe crab individuals within 2-3 hours in low tide period (tidal level below 1.2 m above Chart Datum (C.D.)). Once a horseshoe crab was found, the species, size and inhabiting substrate, photographic record and respective GPS coordinate were recorded. The horseshoe crab surveys were conducted on 3^rd (for zones TC3 and ST) and 8^th (for zones TC1 and TC2) December, 2012 with windy and cloudy weather.

Seagrass Beds

6.3.3 An active search method was adopted for seagrass bed survey at each sampling zone. The survey was undertaken by 2 specialists each spending within 2-3 hours in low tide period. Once seagrass bed was observed, the species, the estimated area (m²), photographic record and respective GPS coordinate were recorded. The seagrass bed surveys were conducted on 3^rd (for zones TC3 and ST) and 8^th (for zones TC1 and TC2) December, 2012 with windy and cloudy weather.

Intertidal Soft Shore Communities

6.3.4 The sandy shore of San Tau and Tung Chung Bay from the uppermost part of the shore and to the water edge was divided into three tidal zones – upper, middle and lower zones, at each sampling zone, TC1, TC2, TC3 and ST. A 100m transect was laid in each of the three tidal zones for fauna sampling.

6.3.5 At each sampling zone, three 100m horizontal transects were laid at 2.0m, 1.5m and 1.0m above C.D. Along each transect, ten random quadrats (0.5 m x 0.5m) were placed. In each quadrat, the epifauna and infauna (within the top 5cm sediment) in each quadrat were identified and their numbers/coverage percentages were recorded. One core of 10cm diameter x 20cm depth was also collected within each quadrat. The sediments of the cores were sieved with 2mm mesh-size sieve and the biota inside was identified and counted. Species and abundance of biota in both cores and quadrats were reported. The intertidal soft shore community surveys were conducted in low tide period on 1^st (for TC3), 2^nd (for ST), 15^th (for TC1) and 16^th December 2012 (for TC2).

Data Analysis

6.3.6 Data collected from direct search and core sampling was pooled in every quadrat for data analysis. Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index (H’) and Pielou’s Species Evenness (J) were calculated for every quadrat using the formulae below,

H’= -Σ ( Ni / N ) ln ( Ni / N ) (Shannon and Weaver, 1963)

J = H’ / ln S, (Pielou, 1966)

where S is the total number of species in the sample, N is the total number of individuals, and Ni is the number of individuals of the i^th species.

6.4 Event and Action Plan for Mudflat Monitoring

6.4.1 In the event of the impact monitoring results indicating that the density or the distribution pattern of intertidal fauna and seagrass is found to be significant different to the baseline condition (taking into account natural fluctuation in the occurrence and distribution pattern such as due to seasonal change), appropriate actions should be taken and additional mitigation measures should be implemented as necessary. Data should then be re-assessed and the need for any further monitoring should be established. The action plan, as given in Table 6.5 should be undertaken within a period of 1 month after a significant difference has been determined.

Table 6.5 Event and Action Plan for Mudflat Monitoring

Event

IEC

Contractor

Density or the distribution pattern of horseshoe crab, seagrass or intertidal soft shore communities recorded in the impact or post-construction monitoring are significantly lower than or different from those recorded in the baseline monitoring.

Review historical data to ensure differences are as a result of natural variation or previously observed seasonal differences;

Identify source(s) of impact;

Inform the IEC, SO and Contractor;

Check monitoring data;

Discuss additional monitoring and any other measures, with the IEC and Contractor.

Discuss monitoring with the ET and the Contractor;

Review proposals for additional monitoring and any other measures submitted by the Contractor and advise the SO accordingly.

Discuss with the IEC additional monitoring requirements and any other measures proposed by the ET;

Make agreement on the measures to be implemented.

Inform the SO and in writing;

Discuss with the ET and the IEC and propose measures to the IEC and the ER;

Implement the agreed measures.

Notes:

ET – Environmental Team

IEC – Independent Environmental Checker

SO – Supervising Officer

6.5 Mudflat Ecology Monitoring Results and Conclusion

Horseshoe Crabs

6.5.1 Table 3.1 and Figure 3.1 of Appendix I show the record of horseshoe crab survey at every sampling zone. There were 12 individuals of Tachypleus tridentatus and 4 individuals of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda observed at ST respectively. In addition, all individuals were found in soft mud substratum. The horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda was found whereas this species was not recorded in the baseline survey conducted in September 2012. Grouping was observed on both species while each group consisted of 2 to 3 individuals. Survey results are presented in Table 3.1 of Appendix I.

6.5.2 According to Table 3.2 of Appendix I, search records of Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda were 2.40 ind. hr^-1 person^-1 (mean prosomal widths were 17.31 mm) and 0.80 ind. hr^-1 person^-1 (mean prosomal widths were 18.79 mm) respectively at ST. According to Li (2008), the prosomal width of Tachypleus tridentatus recorded ranged 12.20 – 22.69 mm that corresponded to an age of 1.8 – 3.0 years old. For Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, the prosomal width recorded ranged 11.42－26.79 mm, that corresponded to an age of 2.1 – 4.5 years old (Li, 2008). Summary of prosomal width of horseshoe crab is shown in Table 6.6.

Table 6.6 Summary of Prosomal Width of Horseshoe Crab Survey

	TC1	TC2	TC3	ST

Search duration (hr)				2.5

*Tachypleus tridentatus*
No. of individuals				12
Mean prosomal width (mm)				17.31
Range of prosomal width (mm)	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	12.20 - 22.69
Search record (individual hr^-1 person^-1)				2.40

*Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda*
No. of individuals				4
Mean prosomal width (mm)				18.79
Range of prosomal width (mm)				11.42 - 26.79
Search record (individual hr^-1 person^-1)				0.80

6.5.3 At the sampling zone ST, the search record of horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus decreased slightly from 2.67 ind. hr^-1 person^-1 in the baseline survey (conducted in September 2012) to 2.40 ind. hr^-1 person^-1 in the present survey. For the size of horseshoe crab, smaller individuals were collected in the present survey that the mean prosomal width (17.31mm) was less than that (24.41mm) of baseline survey. It might be a seasonal variation of data collection. Since horseshoe crabs tends to be inactive and burrow themselves deep in sediments in cold, dry season. Smaller individuals have relatively less energy reserve. Smaller ones would have longer foraging time on sediment surface to survive. It would lead to higher encounter rate of smaller individuals during dry season survey. Therefore significant changes of population structure or cohort pattern were not determined.

6.5.4 The present survey was the first time of sampling of the EM&A programme during the construction period. Based on the results, impacts of the HKLR project could not be detected on horseshoe crabs considering the factor of natural, seasonal variation, In case, abnormal phenomenon (e.g. very few numbers of horseshoe individuals in warm weather) was observed, it would be reported as soon as possible.

Seagrass Beds

6.5.5 Table 3.3 and Figure 3.2 of Appendix I show the record of seagrass beds survey at every sampling zone. Two patches of Halophila ovalis were recorded at sampling zone ST only. The estimated total area and mean area of this seagrass bed were 481.0 m² and 240.5 m² respectively while the estimated coverage ranged 50 to 85%. Survey results for seagrass beds are presented in Table 3.3 of Appendix I.

6.5.6 Relative to the baseline monitoring conducted in September 2012, the location of Halophila ovalis were the same but the total area (from 332.3 to 481 m²) was higher in present survey. It was believed that the three smaller patches of seagrass (18.9-34.7 m²), recorded in previous baseline survey, grew and merged into single, large patch.

6.5.7 The present survey was the first time of sampling of the EM&A programme during the construction period. Based on the results, impacts of the HKLR project could not be detected on seagrass, In case, abnormal phenomenon (e.g. very reduction of seagrass patch size) was observed, it would be reported as soon as possible.

Intertidal Soft Shore Communities

6.5.8 Table 3.4 and Figure 3.3 of Appendix I show the types of substratum along the horizontal transect at every tidal level of every sampling zone.

6.5.9 Table 3.5 of Appendix I lists the total abundance, density and number of taxon of every phylum in the present survey. A total of 11823 individuals were recorded. Mollusks were significantly the most abundant phylum (total individuals 11277, density 376 ind. m^-2, relative abundance 95.4%). The second abundant group was arthropod (total individuals: 447, density 15 ind. m^-2, relative abundance 3.8%) respectively. Relatively other phyla were very low in abundance (£0.4%). Similarly, the most diverse phylum were mollusks (39 taxa) followed by arthropods (14 taxa) and annelids (11 taxa). The number of taxon of other phyla was relatively less (£ 2 taxa). The summary of the total abundance and total biomass of every phylum is presented in Table 3.5 of Appendix I. The complete list of species recorded is shown in Annex III of Appendix I.

6.5.10 Table 3.6 of Appendix I shows the number of individual, relative abundance and density of each phylum at every sampling zone. The results were similar among the four sampling zones. In general, mollusks were the most dominant phylum (no. of individuals: 1292-3835 ind., relative abundance 91.3-97.4%). Arthropods were the second abundant phylum (no. of individuals: 69-177 ind., relative abundance 9-24%) although the number of individuals was significantly lower than that of mollusks. Relatively, other phyla were very low in abundance across the four sampling zones (relative abundance < 2%). The number of individuals and relative abundance (%) of each phylum at every sampling zone were presented in Table 3.6 of Appendix I.

6.5.11 Table 3.7 of Appendix I lists the abundant species (relative abundance >10%) at every sampling zone. At TC1, gastropods Batillaria multiformis and Monodonta labio were the most abundant species (350-386 ind. m^-2, relative abundance 52-61%) and second abundant species (76-140 ind. m^-2, relative abundance 13-21%) respectively at both high and mid tidal levels. Rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata was the most abundant species at low tidal level (119 ind. m^-2, 35%) as well as the third abundant species at mid tidal level (114 ind. m^-2, 17%). Gastropod Lunella coronate (42 ind. m^-2, 12%) and barnacle Balanus amphitrite (40 ind. m^-2, 12%) were at moderate densities at low tidal level.

6.5.12 At TC2, gastropod Cerithidea djadjariensis was the most dominant species at all tidal levels (22-272 ind. m^-2, 34-79%). Gastropod Cerithidea cingulata was the second abundant species at low tidal level (16 ind. m^-2, 25%). Relatively barnacle Balanus amphitrite and gastropod Batillaria zonalis were at low to moderate densities at mid and low tidal levels.

6.5.13 At TC3, the high and mid tidal levels were dominated by gastropods Batillaria multiformis (80-102 ind. m^-2, 34-35%), Cerithidea djadjariensis (37-59 ind. m^-2, 16-20%) and Cerithidea cingulata (34-52 ind. m^-2, 14-18%). At low tidal level, the dominant species rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata (294 ind. m^-2, 39%), gastropods Batillaria multiformis (194 ind. m^-2, 26%) and Monodonta labio (117 ind. m^-2, 16%) were much higher in density relative to high and mid tidal levels.

6.5.14 At ST, gastropod Batillaria multiformis (474 ind. m^-2, 63%) was the most abundant at high tidal level while rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata (54-154 ind. m^-2, 40-42%) was the most abundant at mid and low tidal levels. Gastropod Monodonta labio (75-137 ind. m^-2, 18-19%) was the second abundant species at high and mid tidal levels. Barnacle Balanus amphitrite (17 ind. m^-2, 13%) was the second abundant species of low density at low tidal level.

6.5.15 There was no consistent zonation pattern of species distribution observed across sampling zones and tidal levels in Tung Chung Wan and San Tau. The species distribution should be determined by the type of substratum primarily. In general, gastropod Batillaria multiformis (in present survey = 4074 ind.), Cerithidea djadjariensis (1431 ind.), Monodonta labio (1411 ind.), Cerithidea cingulata (448 ind.) and rocky oyster Saccostrea cucullata (2265 ind.) were the most common occurring species among the four sampling zones. The abundant species (relative abundance >10%) at every sampling zone is presented in Table 3.7 of Appendix I.

6.5.16 Table 3.8 of Appendix I shows the mean values of number of species, density, H’,and J of soft shore communities at every tidal level and sampling zone. There was no obvious difference of number of species (4-13 spp. 0.25 m^-2) and species evenness (J 0.64-0.71) across the four sampling zones. However, the mean densities (65-346 ind. m^-2) and mean biodiversity index (H’ 0.97) of TC2 were generally lower than that of other sampling zones (density: 130-751 ind. m^-2, H’: 1.45-1.61). Regardless of sampling zones, the diversity index and species evenness were relatively lower at high tidal level.

6.5.17 Figure 3.4 of Appendix I shows the temporal changes of number of species, density, H’ and J at every tidal level and sampling zone since the baseline monitoring survey (Sep 2012). No obvious temporal change was observed except the declined densities of intertidal fauna at sampling zones TC2 (mid and low tideal levels) and TC3 (high and mid tidal levels). It was mainly contributed by the decreased abundances of mollusks and arthropods in present study. Natural mortality of intertidal fauna during cold, dry season was believed the main reason. Moreover lower activity rate was possible that some infauna (e.g. bivalve) or temporary infauna (e.g. crab) burrowed themselves deep in the sediments, thus the chance of being sampled reduced sharply.

6.5.18 The present survey was the first time of sampling of the EM&A programme during the construction period. Based on the results, impacts of the HKLR project could not be detected on intertidal soft shore community.

6.6 Reference

6.6.1 Chan, K.K., Caley, K.J., 2003. Sandy Shores, Hong Kong Field Guides 4. The Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong. pp 117.

6.6.2 Dai, A.Y., Yang, S.L., 1991. Crabs of the China Seas. China Ocean Press. Beijing.

6.6.3 Dong, Y.M., 1991. Fauna of ZheJiang Crustacea. Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House. ZheJiang.

6.6.4 EPD, 1997. Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (1st edition). Environmental Protection Department, HKSAR Government.

6.6.5 Fauchald, K., 1977. The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 28. Los Angeles, U.S.A..

6.6.6 Li, H.Y., 2008. The Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs in Hong Kong. MPhil Thesis, City University of Hong Kong, pp 277.

6.6.7 Pielou, E.C., 1966. Shannon’s formula as a measure of species diversity: its use and misuse. American Naturalist 100, 463-465.

6.6.8 Qi, Z.Y., 2004. Seashells of China. China Ocean Press. Beijing, China.

6.6.9 Shannon, C.E., Weaver, W., 1963. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, USA.

6.6.10 Shin, P.K.S., Li, H.Y., Cheung, S.G., 2009. Horseshoe Crabs in Hong Kong: Current Population Status and Human Exploitation. Biology and Conservation of Horseshoe Crabs (part 2), 347-360.

6.6.11 Yang, D.J, Sun, R.P., 1988. Polychaetous annelids commonly seen from the Chinese waters (Chinese version). China Agriculture Press, China.

7 ENVIRONMENTAL SITE INSPECTION AND AUDIT

7.1 Site Inspection

7.1.1 Site Inspections were carried out on a weekly basis to monitor the implementation of proper environmental pollution control and mitigation measures for the Project. During the reporting month, 4 site inspections were carried out on 4, 11, 18 and 28 December 2012.

7.1.2 Particular observations during the site inspections are described below.

4 December 2012

(a) The contractor has provided the Environmental Permit at Kwo Lo Wan Road. (This observation was found on 30 November 2012.)

(b) No cover was provided for the excavated materials at West Portal. The Contractor should provide covers for excavated materials to prevent fugitive dust impact. (This observation was closed on 11 December 2012.)

(c) A large pool of stagnant water was found at WA03. The Contractor is reminded to remove the stagnant water (This observation was closed on 11 December 2012.)

11 December 2012

(a) The unpaved areas were found to be dry at West Portal. The Contractor should regularly spray water on the unpaved areas to prevent fugitive dust impact. (This observation was closed on 18 December 2012.)

(b) A chemical container was found to be without a drip tray of the vessel Kong Wai 8. The Contractor was reminded to provide a drip tray for the chemical container. (This observation was closed on 18 December 2012.)

(c) Oil stains was found next to the generators of the vessel Kong Wai 8. The Contractor was reminded to clear the oil stains. (This observation was closed on 18 December 2012.)

(d) Oil stains were found on the soil near the compressors at West Portal. The Contractor was reminded to remove the oil stains on the soil near the compressors. (This observation was closed on 18 December 2012.)

(e) A pool of stagnant water was found inside the metal beams at WA03. The Contractor was reminded to remove the stagnant water inside the metal beams. (This observation was closed on 18 December 2012.)

18 December 2012

(a) The boulder areas were found to be dry at WA04. The Contractor should regularly spray water on the boulder areas to prevent fugitive dust impact. (This observation was closed on 28 December 2012.)

(b) A chemical drum was found to be without a drip tray at West Portal. The Contractor was reminded to provide a drip tray for the chemical drum. (This observation was closed on 28 December 2012.)

(c) A chemical drum was found to be without a proper drip tray at Kwa Lo Wan Road. The Contractor was reminded to provide a proper drip tray for the chemical drum. (This observation was closed on 28 December 2012.)

(d) A pool of stagnant water was found inside the drainage of the sink area at WA04. The Contractor was reminded to remove the stagnant water inside the drainages. (This observation was closed on 28 December 2012.)

(e) The U-drainage was found to be without sandbags to prevent construction wastewater leaking into the storm drains at West Portal. The Contractor was reminded to prevent construction wastewater from leaking into the storm drains. (This observation was closed on 28 December 2012.)

(f) Rubbish was found along the beach area at Portion X. The Contractor was reminded to remove rubbish along the beach area at Portion X. (This observation was closed on 28 December 2012.)

(g) Rubbish was found on the beach area of Portion Y. The Contractor was reminded to remove rubbish along the beach area at Portion Y. (This observation was closed on 28 December 2012.)

28 December 2012

(a) Environmental Permit and Construction Noise Permit were not displayed at the site entrance at West Portal. The contractor was reminded to display the Environmental Permit and Construction Noise Permit at the site entrance.

(b) Stagnant water was found inside the drip tray provided for the generator at West Portal. In addition, no cap was provided for the drain valve. The contractor was reminded to remove the stagnant water inside the drip tray and cap the drain valve.

(c) White smoke was emitted from the generator at West Portal. In The contractor was reminded to provide maintenance for the generator

(d) Materials were stored under a tree near the site entrance of West Portal. The contractor was reminded not to store materials under trees.

(e) The container was full of rubbish. The contractor was reminded to dispose of rubbish regularly.

7.1.3 The Contractor has rectified most of the observations as identified during environmental site inspections during the reporting month. Follow-up actions for outstanding observations will be inspected during the next site inspections.

7.2 Advice on the Solid and Liquid Waste Management Status

7.2.1 The Contractor had submitted application form for registration as a chemical waste producer for the Project. Sufficient numbers of receptacles were available for general refuse collection and sorting.

7.2.2 Monthly summary of waste flow table is detailed in Appendix J.

7.2.3 The Contractor was reminded that chemical waste containers should be properly treated and stored temporarily in designated chemical waste storage area on site in accordance with the Code of Practise on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes.

7.3 Environmental Licenses and Permits

7.3.1 The valid environmental licenses and permits during the reporting month are summarized in Appendix L

7.4 Implementation Status of Environmental Mitigation Measures

7.4.1 In response to the site audit findings, the Contractors carried out corrective actions.

7.4.2 A summary of the Implementation Schedule of Environmental Mitigation Measures (EMIS) is presented in Appendix M. Most of the necessary mitigation measures were implemented properly.

7.4.3 Regular marine travel route for marine vessels were implemented properly in accordance to the submitted plan and relevant records were kept properly.

7.4.4 Dolphin Watching Plan was implemented during the reporting month. No dolphins were observed. The relevant records were kept properly.

7.4.5 A dolphin exclusion zone of 250m was implemented during the installation of silt curtains on 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10 December 2012. No dolphins were observed. The relevant records were kept properly.

7.5 Summary of Exceedances of the Environmental Quality Performance Limit

7.5.1 For 1-hour TSP and 24- hour TSP, no Action and Limit Level exceedances were recorded at AMS 5 and AMS 6 during the reporting month.

7.5.2 For construction noise, no Action and Limit Level exceedances were recorded at the monitoring station during the reporting month.

7.5.3 During the reporting month, there are 18 Action Level exceedances and 140 Limit Level exceedances of suspended solids level. 25 Action Level exceedances and 92 Limit Level exceedances of turbidity level were recorded. No major marine works were carried out near the monitoring stations. Geotextile installation work, rock filling, silt curtains maintenance work and vessel maintenance work were being carried out within silt curtains near the restricted area during the sampling period. These activities were unlikely to cause adverse water quality impact. Therefore, all exceedances were considered as non-project related.

Environmental Monitoring	Parameters	Action Level (AL)	Limit Level (LL)
Air Quality	1-hr TSP	0	0
Air Quality	24-hr TSP	0	0
Noise	L_{eq (30 min)}	0	0
Water Quality	Suspended solids level (SS)	18	140
	Turbidity level	25	92
	Dissolved oxygen level (DO)	0	0

Portion Y	Description of Activities
Portion Y	Erection of Hoardings and Fencings at Site Boundaries
Portion X	Site clearing for road and drainage work
Portion X	Removal of armour rocks of existing seawall
Portion X	Installation of silt curtain and geotextile laying
Portion X	Formation of temporary stone platform
Portion X	Installation of stone column
Kwo Lo Wan Road	Reclamation
West Portal	Relocation of Flag Poles
West Portal	Site formation work for tunnelling
Portion Y	Installation of Soil Nails
Portion Y	Access Shaft Construction for SHT & HAT

1.1.4 The Contract includes the following key aspects:

1.2.1 The project organization structure and lines of communication with respect to the on-site environmental management structure is shown in Appendix A. The key personnel contact names and numbers are summarized in Table 1.1.

1.3 Construction Programme

1.3.1 A copy of the Contractor’s construction programme is provided in Appendix B.

1.4 Construction Works Undertaken During the Reporting Month

1.4.1 A summary of the construction activities undertaken during this reporting month is shown in Table 1.2.

2 Air Quality Monitoring

2.1 Monitoring Requirements

2.2 Monitoring Equipment

2.3 Monitoring Locations

2.3.1 Monitoring locations AMS5 and AMS6 were set up at the proposed locations in accordance with Contract Specific EM&A Manual.

2.3.2 Figure 2.1 shows the locations of monitoring stations. Table 2.4 describes the details of the monitoring stations.

2.4.1 Table 2.5 summarizes the monitoring parameters, frequency and duration of impact TSP monitoring.

2.5.1 24-hour TSP Monitoring

2.5.2 1-hour TSP Monitoring

2.6.1 The schedule for air quality monitoring in December 2012 is provided in Appendix D.

2.7.1 The monitoring results for 1-hour TSP and 24-hour TSP are summarized in Tables 2.6 and 2.7 respectively. Detailed impact air quality monitoring results and relevant graphical plots are presented in Appendix E.

2.7.2 No Action and Limit Levels exceedances were recorded at all monitoring stations during this reporting month.

2.7.3 The event action plan is annexed in Appendix F.

3.1.1 In accordance with the Contract Specific EM&A Manual, impact noise monitoring was conducted for at least once per week during the construction phase of the Project. The Action and Limit level of the noise monitoring is provided in Table 3.1.

3.2 Monitoring Equipment

3.3 Monitoring Locations

3.3.1 Monitoring location NMS5 was set up at the proposed locations in accordance with Contract Specific EM&A Manual.

3.3.2 Figure 2.1 shows the locations of monitoring stations. Table 3.3 describes the details of the monitoring stations.

3.4.1 Table 3.4 summarizes the monitoring parameters, frequency and duration of impact noise monitoring.

3.5.1 Monitoring Procedure

3.5.2 Maintenance and Calibration

3.6.1 The schedule for construction noise monitoring in December 2012 is provided in Appendix D.

3.7 Monitoring Results

3.7.1 The monitoring results for construction noise are summarized in Table 3.5 and the monitoring results and relevant graphical plots are provided in Appendix E.

3.7.2 There were some problems about the extension cable for the noise monitoring undertaken at NMS5 (Ma Wan Chung Tsuen) on 24 December 2012 and the measured noise levels were considered invalid.

3.7.3 No Action and Limit Level exceedances were recorded at NMS5 during the reporting month.

3.7.4 Major noise sources during the noise monitoring included construction activities of the Contract and nearby traffic noise.

3.7.5 The event action plan is annexed in Appendix F.

4 Water Quality Monitoring

4.2.1 Table 4.2 summarises the equipment used in the impact water quality monitoring programme.

4.3.1 Table 4.3 summarises the monitoring parameters, frequency and monitoring depths of impact water quality monitoring as required in the Contract Specific EM&A Manual.

4.4.2 The locations of these monitoring stations are summarized in Table 4.4 and shown in Figure 2.1.

4.5.1 Instrumentation

4.5.2 Operating/Analytical Procedures

4.5.3 Maintenance and Calibrations

4.6.1 The schedule for impact water quality monitoring in December 2012 is provided in Appendix D.

4.7 Monitoring Results

4.7.1 Impact water quality monitoring was conducted at all designated monitoring stations during the reporting month. Impact water quality monitoring results and relevant graphical plots are provided in Appendix E.

4.7.2 Exceedances were recorded for suspended solids during the reporting month. Number of exceedances recorded during the reporting month at each impact station are summarised in Table 4.6.

4.7.4 Water quality impact sources during the water quality monitoring were the construction activities of the Contract, nearby construction activities by other parties and nearby operating vessels by other parties.

4.7.5 The event action plan is annexed in Appendix F.

5.1.1 Impact dolphin monitoring is required to be conducted by a qualified dolphin specialist team to evaluate whether there have been any effects on the dolphins.

Vessel-based Line-transect Survey

5.2.1 According to the requirements of the Updated EM&A Manual for HKLR (Version 1.0), dolphin monitoring programme should cover all transect lines in NEL and NWL survey areas (see Figure 1 of Appendix H) twice per month. The co-ordinates of all transect lines are shown in Table 5.1.

5.2.4 Data including time, position and vessel speed were also automatically and continuously logged by handheld GPS throughout the entire survey for subsequent review.

Photo-identification Work

5.2.11 Chinese White Dolphins can be identified by their natural markings, such as nicks, cuts, scars and deformities on their dorsal fin and body, and their unique spotting patterns were also used as secondary identifying features (Jefferson 2000).

Vessel-based Line-transect Survey

5.3.1 During the month of December 2012, two sets of systematic line-transect vessel surveys were conducted on the 6th, 7th, 11th and 13th, to cover all transect lines in NWL and NEL survey areas twice. The survey routes of each survey day were presented in Figures 2-5 of Appendix H.

5.3.5 Notably, two small groups of dolphins were sighted near the northeast corner of Chek Lap Kok Airport, a few kilometres from the HKBCF Construction Site (Figure 6 of Appendix H). Moreover, one dolphin sighting was made along the alignment of HKLR near Shum Wat.

5.3.6 During December’s surveys, encounter rates of Chinese White Dolphins deduced from the survey effort and on-effort sighting data made under favourable conditions (Beaufort 3 or below) are shown in Table 5.2.

Photo-identification Work

5.3.9 During December’s surveys, five well-recognized females, NL46, NL93, NL104, NL123 and NL264, were accompanied with their calves during their re-sightings.

Conclusion

5.3.10 During this month of dolphin monitoring, no adverse impact from the activities of this construction project on Chinese White Dolphins was noticeable from general observations.

5.4 Reference

5.4.1 Buckland, S. T., Anderson, D. R., Burnham, K. P., Laake, J. L., Borchers, D. L., and Thomas, L. 2001. Introduction to distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. Oxford University Press, London.

5.4.2 Hung, S. K. 2012. Monitoring of marine mammals in Hong Kong waters – data collection: final report (2011-12). An unpublished report submitted to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of Hong Kong SAR Government, 120 pp.

5.4.3 Jefferson, T. A. 2000. Population biology of the Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphin in Hong Kong waters. Wildlife Monographs 144:1-65.

Methodology

Monitoring Locations

6.1.4 Four monitoring stations were established based on the site conditions for the sedimentation monitoring and are shown in Figure 6.1.

Monitoring Results

6.1.6 This first measurement was generally and relatively higher than the baseline measurement. All positions were re-measured by real time setting out method so that they were very close to the last survey positions and within 0.3m.

6.1.7 S2, S3 and S4 all had higher value than the last survey but within the measurement tolerance, say 60mm. Therefore, their sea bed depth would not be considered as significant change.

6.2.1 The mudflat monitoring covered water quality monitoring data. Reference was made to the water quality monitoring data of the representative water quality monitoring station (i.e. SR3) as in the EM&A Manual. The water quality monitoring location (SR3) is shown in Figure 2.1.

6.2.2 Impact water quality monitoring in San Tau (monitoring station SR3) was conducted in December 2012. The monitoring parameters included dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and suspended solids (SS).

6.2.3 The Impact monitoring results for SR3 were extracted and summarised below:

Sampling Zone

Horseshoe Crabs

Seagrass Beds

Intertidal Soft Shore Communities

Data Analysis

6.3.6 Data collected from direct search and core sampling was pooled in every quadrat for data analysis. Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index (H’) and Pielou’s Species Evenness (J) were calculated for every quadrat using the formulae below,

4.4.2 The locations of these monitoring stations are summarized in Table 4.4 and shown in
Figure 2.1.

5.3.1 During the month of December 2012, two sets of systematic line-transect vessel surveys were conducted on the 6^th, 7^th, 11^th and 13^th, to cover all transect lines in NWL and NEL survey areas twice. The survey routes of each survey day were presented in Figures 2-5 of Appendix H.